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TCGA tumor abbreviations
  • ACCAdrenocortical carcinoma
  • BLCABladder Urothelial Carcinoma
  • BRCABreast invasive carcinoma
  • CESCCervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma
  • CHOLCholangio carcinoma
  • COADColon adenocarcinoma
  • DLBCLymphoid Neoplasm Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
  • ESCAEsophageal carcinoma
  • GBMGlioblastoma multiforme
  • HNSCHead and Neck squamous cell carcinoma
  • KICHKidney Chromophobe
  • KIRCKidney renal clear cell carcinoma
  • KIRPKidney renal papillary cell carcinoma
  • LAMLAcute Myeloid Leukemia
  • LGGBrain Lower Grade Glioma
  • LIHCLiver hepatocellular carcinoma
  • LUADLung adenocarcinoma
  • LUSCLung squamous cell carcinoma
  • MESOMesothelioma
  • OVOvarian serous cystadenocarcinoma
  • PAADPancreatic adenocarcinoma
  • PCPGPheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
  • PRADProstate adenocarcinoma
  • READRectum adenocarcinoma
  • SARCSarcoma
  • SKCMSkin Cutaneous Melanoma
  • STADStomach adenocarcinoma
  • TGCTThyroid carcinoma
  • THCAThyroid carcinoma
  • THYMThymoma
  • UCECUterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma
  • UCSUterine Carcinosarcoma
  • UVMUveal Melanoma

Note: Click here to get the extension of tumor abbreviations.


  • Cancer Related Information
  • Basic Information

Cancer associated literatures
PIDTitleArticle TimeAuthorDoi
21573767Heterogeneous distribution of K-ras mutations in primary colon carcinomas: implications for EGFR-directed therapy.Int J Colorectal Dis2011 OctOltedal Sdoi: 10.1007/s00384-011-1233-5
21884745Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and dendritic cells in human colorectal cancer: their relationship to KRAS mutational status and disease recurrence.Hum Immunol2011 NovKocian Pdoi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.07.312
26631045MicroRNA-613 inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation and invasion by regulating KRAS.Tumour Biol2016 MayFu Xdoi: 10.1007/s13277-015-4507-7
26252055Detection of KRAS mutations in circulating tumor cells from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.Cancer Biol Ther2015Buim MEdoi: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1070991
26959608Tumor cells with KRAS or BRAF mutations or ERK5/MAPK7 amplification are not addicted to ERK5 activity for cell proliferation.Cell Cycle2016Lochhead PAdoi: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1120915.
27857191Deregulation of the miR-16-KRAS axis promotes colorectal cancer.Sci Rep2016 Nov 18You Cdoi: 10.1038/srep37459.
30809081Relationships among KRAS mutation status, expression of RAS pathway signaling molecules, and clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.World J Gastroenterol2019 Feb 21Wan XBdoi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i7.808.
29282362Genetic variants in the VEGF pathway as prognostic factors in stages II and III colon cancer.Pharmacogenomics J2018 JulRiera Pdoi: 10.1038/s41397-017-0009-x
22198706The complex intratumoral heterogeneity of colon cancer highlighted by laser microdissection.Dig Dis Sci2012 MayBuob Ddoi: 10.1007/s10620-011-2023-1
18549880Oncogenic KRAS induces progenitor cell expansion and malignant transformation in zebrafish exocrine pancreas.Gastroenterology2008 JunPark SWdoi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.02.084
20628283Alcohol consumption and rectal tumor mutations and epigenetic changes.Dis Colon Rectum2010 AugSlattery MLdoi: 10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181d325db.
12606951LOH of chromosome 12p correlates with Kras2 mutation in non-small cell lung cancer.Oncogene2003 Feb 27Li J-
25809746Tumor oncogene (KRAS) status and risk of venous thrombosis in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.J Thromb Haemost2015 JunAdes Sdoi: 10.1111/jth.12910
24200637Low frequency KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer patients and the presence of multiple mutations in oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer patients.Cancer Genet2013 Sep-OctJiang Ldoi: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2013.09.004
26352110KRAS, NRAS, BRAF mutations and high counts of poorly differentiated clusters of neoplastic cells in colorectal cancer: observational analysis of 175 cases.Pathology2015 OctBarresi Vdoi: 10.1097/PAT.0000000000000300.
22971512Detection of KRAS mutations and their associations with clinicopathological features and survival in Chinese colorectal cancer patients.J Int Med Res2012Li Z-
25491325KRAS mutations in tumor tissue and plasma by different assays predict survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.J Exp Clin Cancer Res2014 Dec 10Xu JMdoi: 10.1186/s13046-014-0104-7.
20570890Genomic and biological characterization of exon 4 KRAS mutations in human cancer.Cancer Res2010 Jul 15Janakiraman Mdoi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-0192
23240926Evidence of a low prevalence of RAS mutations in a large medullary thyroid cancer series.Thyroid2013 JanCiampi Rdoi: 10.1089/thy.2012.0207
21982684EGFR and KRAS mutations and altered c-Met gene copy numbers in primary non-small cell lung cancer and associated stage N2 lymph node-metastasis.Cancer Lett2012 Jan 1Han CBdoi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.09.012
23027861Interplay between menin and K-Ras in regulating lung adenocarcinoma.J Biol Chem2012 Nov 16Wu Ydoi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.382416
25541062AZD6244 inhibits cisplatin-induced ERK1/2 activation and potentiates cisplatin-associated cytotoxicity in K-ras G12D preclinical models.Cancer Lett2015 Mar 1Kim EYdoi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.041
19372139The miR-18a* microRNA functions as a potential tumor suppressor by targeting on K-Ras.Carcinogenesis2009 JunTsang WPdoi: 10.1093/carcin/bgp094
25687873Can Serum be Used for Analyzing the KRAS Mutation Status in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer?Cancer Res Treat2015 OctKim STdoi: 10.4143/crt.2014.106
22876876Effect of KRAS codon13 mutations in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (advanced CRC) under oxaliplatin containing chemotherapy. Results from a translational study of the AIO colorectal study group.BMC Cancer2012 Aug 9Reinacher-Schick Adoi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-349.
21807965Progressive genomic instability in the FVB/Kras(LA2) mouse model of lung cancer.Mol Cancer Res2011 OctTo MDdoi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-11-0219
22049925Tumor suppressor p16INK4a controls oncogenic K-Ras function in human pancreatic cancer cells.Cancer Sci2012 FebRabien Adoi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02140.x
26252300KRAS Mutation Status Is Not a Predictor for Tumor Response and Survival in Rectal Cancer Patients Who Received Preoperative Radiotherapy With 5-Fluoropyrimidine Followed by Curative Surgery.Medicine (Baltimore)2015 AugLee JWdoi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001284.
20098682Two multiplex assays that simultaneously identify 22 possible mutation sites in the KRAS, BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA genes.PLoS One2010 Jan 21Lurkin Idoi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008802.
20682398Gene methylation of SFRP2, P16, DAPK1, HIC1, and MGMT and KRAS mutations in sporadic colorectal cancer.Cancer Genet Cytogenet2010 SepPehlivan Sdoi: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.05.019.
27270901Comparison of KRAS mutation status between primary tumor and metastasis in Chinese colorectal cancer patients.Med Oncol2016 JulLi ZZdoi: 10.1007/s12032-016-0787-z
28025078Analysis of KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF mutational profile in poorly differentiated clusters of KRAS-mutated colon cancer.Hum Pathol2017 AprReggiani Bonetti Ldoi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.12.011
27346571High frequency of KRAS mutation in early onset colorectal adenocarcinoma: implications for pathogenesis.Hum Pathol2016 OctWatson Rdoi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.06.010
26616862Regulation of oncogenic KRAS signaling via a novel KRAS-integrin-linked kinase-hnRNPA1 regulatory loop in human pancreatic cancer cells.Oncogene2016 Jul 28Chu PCdoi: 10.1038/onc.2015.458
26333174MiR-622 inhibited colorectal cancer occurrence and metastasis by suppressing K-Ras.Mol Carcinog2016 SepFang Ydoi: 10.1002/mc.22380
27234640CEA response is associated with tumor response and survival in patients with KRAS exon 2 wild-type and extended RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer receiving first-line FOLFIRI plus cetuximab or bevacizumab (FIRE-3 trial).Ann Oncol2016 AugMichl Mdoi: 10.1093/annonc/mdw222
28468801ΔNp63α is a common inhibitory target in oncogenic PI3K/Ras/Her2-induced cell motility and tumor metastasis.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2017 May 16Hu Ldoi: 10.1073/pnas.1617816114
28885658Circulating tumor DNA is effective for detection of KRAS mutation in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.Int J Biol Markers2017 Oct 31Tang Mdoi: 10.5301/ijbm.5000295.
30711927The Role of KRAS in Endometrial Cancer: A Mini-Review.Anticancer Res2019 FebSideris Mdoi: 10.21873/anticanres.13145.
30611220Mutation analysis by deep sequencing of pancreatic juice from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.BMC Cancer2019 Jan 5Choi MHdoi: 10.1186/s12885-018-5195-7.
21811765Correlation between computed tomography findings and epidermal growth factor receptor and KRAS gene mutations in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma.Oncol Rep2011 NovSugano Mdoi: 10.3892/or.2011.1412
27916952High Intra- and Inter-Tumoral Heterogeneity of RAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer.Int J Mol Sci2016 Dec 1Jeantet M-
28665451Discordance in RAS mutations between primary colon tumor and metastases: a real event or a matter of methodology?Int J Biol Markers2017 Oct 31De Stefano Adoi: 10.5301/ijbm.5000273.
18946061K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer.N Engl J Med2008 Oct 23Karapetis CSdoi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804385.
16091732Dual effect of Kras(D12) knockdown on tumorigenesis: increased immune-mediated tumor clearance and abrogation of tumor malignancy.Oncogene2005 Dec 15Smakman N-
27630331Prediction of KRAS Mutation in Rectal Cancer Using MRI.Anticancer Res2016 SepShin YR-
23242173KRAS mutation analysis on low percentage of colon cancer cells: the importance of quality assurance.Virchows Arch2013 JanDijkstra JRdoi: 10.1007/s00428-012-1356-2
24152947Pancreatic cancer: modulation of KRAS, MicroRNAs, and intercellular communication in the setting of tumor heterogeneity.Pancreas2013 NovLou Edoi: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000007.
23157823[Mutations of KRAS and BRAF in Chinese patients with colorectal carcinoma: analyses of 966 cases].Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi2012 SepGao Jdoi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2012.09.002.
23528430Heterogeneity of colorectal cancer (CRC) in reference to KRAS proto-oncogene utilizing WAVE technology.Exp Mol Pathol2013 AugPerez Kdoi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.01.004
17592266The development of high-grade serous carcinoma from atypical proliferative (borderline) serous tumors and low-grade micropapillary serous carcinoma: a morphologic and molecular genetic analysis.Am J Surg Pathol2007 JulDehari R-
23157828[Correlation of KRAS gene mutations and clinicopathologic parameters in colorectal carcinoma].Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi2012 SepWang Qdoi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2012.09.007.
28468669KRAS mutation analysis of single circulating tumor cells from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.BMC Cancer2017 May 3Kondo Ydoi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3305-6.
27863403Enumeration and targeted analysis of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations in CTCs captured by a label-free platform: Comparison to ctDNA and tissue in metastatic colorectal cancer.Oncotarget2016 Dec 20Kidess-Sigal Edoi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13350.
29445180Myeloid-derived interleukin-1β drives oncogenic KRAS-NF-κΒ addiction in malignant pleural effusion.Nat Commun2018 Feb 14Marazioti Adoi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03051-z.
29315556KRAS promotes tumor metastasis and chemoresistance by repressing RKIP via the MAPK-ERK pathway in pancreatic cancer.Int J Cancer2018 Jun 1Yang Kdoi: 10.1002/ijc.31248
29027536KRAS mutation of extraovarian implants of serous borderline tumor: prognostic indicator for adverse clinical outcome.Mod Pathol2018 FebZuo Tdoi: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.121
30917791Impact of primary colorectal Cancer location on the KRAS status and its prognostic value.BMC Gastroenterol2019 Mar 27Xie MZdoi: 10.1186/s12876-019-0965-5.
16482519Genetic and epigenetic alterations in lung tumors from bitransgenic Ki-rasG12C expressing mice.Mol Carcinog2006 JulFloyd HS-
20627194Cycleave polymerase chain reaction method is practically applicable for V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)/V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) genotyping in colorectal cancer.Transl Res2010 AugYokota Tdoi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2010.05.007
25023700MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1) maintains multiple KRAS-driven pro-malignant pathways.Oncogene2015 May 14Patel Adoi: 10.1038/onc.2014.195
16257181Oncogenic K-Ras down-regulates Rac1 and RhoA activity and enhances migration and invasion of pancreatic carcinoma cells through activation of p38.Cell Signal2006 AugDreissigacker U-
26868125Establishment of a patient-derived intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma xenograft model with KRAS mutation.BMC Cancer2016 Feb 11Cavalloni Gdoi: 10.1186/s12885-016-2136-1.
24440911Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases converge on microRNA-134 to control KRAS, STAT5B, and glioblastoma.Cell Death Differ2014 MayZhang Ydoi: 10.1038/cdd.2013.196
26393682The association between let-7, RAS and HIF-1α in Ewing Sarcoma tumor growth.Oncotarget2015 Oct 20Hameiri-Grossman Mdoi: 10.18632/oncotarget.5616.
24139215The frequency of KRAS and BRAF mutations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and their correlation with clinical outcome.Hum Pathol2013 DecRobertson Sdoi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.07.026
22761399Label-free quantitative proteomics and N-glycoproteomics analysis of KRAS-activated human bronchial epithelial cells.Mol Cell Proteomics2012 OctSudhir PR-
22927534Hurdles and complexities of codon 13 KRAS mutations.J Clin Oncol2012 Oct 10Morelli MPdoi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.43.6535
17638924RAS/ERK modulates TGFbeta-regulated PTEN expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.Carcinogenesis2007 NovChow JY-
23619604KRAS mutations are associated with solid growth pattern and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in lung adenocarcinoma.Mod Pathol2013 OctRekhtman Ndoi: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.74
23112547MUC5AC/β-catenin expression and KRAS gene alteration in laterally spreading colorectal tumors.World J Gastroenterol2012 Oct 21Nakae Kdoi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i39.5551.
19960433Circulating free DNA, p53 antibody and mutations of KRAS gene in endometrial cancer.Int J Cancer2010 Aug 1Dobrzycka Bdoi: 10.1002/ijc.25077.
12082617Common occurrence of multiple K-RAS mutations in pancreatic cancers with associated precursor lesions and in biliary cancers.Oncogene2002 Jun 20Laghi L-
18834226CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancers: comparison of the new and classic CpG island methylator phenotype marker panels.Arch Pathol Lab Med2008 OctLee Sdoi: 10.1043/1543-2165(2008)132[1657:CIMPIC]2.0.CO;2.
24742923Mapping of actionable mutations to histological subtype domains in lung adenocarcinoma: implications for precision medicine.Oncotarget2014 Apr 30Wright GM-
24947996Targeting the K-Ras--JNK axis eliminates cancer stem-like cells and prevents pancreatic tumor formation.Oncotarget2014 Jul 15Okada M-
19789336RAS mutations affect tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells via ERK-modulatory negative and positive feedback circuits along with non-ERK pathway effects.Cancer Res2009 Oct 15Kreeger PKdoi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1921
23887305The pathogenesis of atypical proliferative Brenner tumor: an immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis.Mod Pathol2014 FebKuhn Edoi: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.142
19893451Resequencing analysis of the human tyrosine kinase gene family in pancreatic cancer.Pancreas2009 OctKubo Tdoi: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181b8feb0.
22138963Is KRAS mutation associated with interval colorectal cancers?Dig Dis Sci2012 AprShaukat Adoi: 10.1007/s10620-011-1974-6
18833187[K-ras mutations detection in paraaortic lymph nodes and its prognostic value after the surgical treatment of pancreas cancer].Khirurgiia (Mosk)2008Agaev BA-
25013125Noninvasive diagnosis of actionable mutations by deep sequencing of circulating free DNA in lung cancer from never-smokers: a proof-of-concept study from BioCAST/IFCT-1002.Clin Cancer Res2014 Sep 1Couraud Sdoi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-3063
16760301Molecular detection of TP53, Ki-Ras and p16INK4A promoter methylation in plasma of patients with colorectal cancer and its association with prognosis. Results of a 3-year GOIM (Gruppo Oncologico dell'Italia Meridionale) prospective study.Ann Oncol2006 JunBazan V-
24496383Synthetic lethal therapy for KRAS mutant non-small-cell lung carcinoma with nanoparticle-mediated CDK4 siRNA delivery.Mol Ther2014 MayMao CQdoi: 10.1038/mt.2014.18
12651912Met receptor overexpression and oncogenic Ki-ras mutation cooperate to enhance tumorigenicity of colon cancer cells in vivo.Mol Cancer Res2003 MarLong IS-
20675343The miR-217 microRNA functions as a potential tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by targeting KRAS.Carcinogenesis2010 OctZhao WGdoi: 10.1093/carcin/bgq160
18432074[K-ras mutation as a prognostic factor in colorectal carcinoma].Rozhl Chir2008 JanSacha M-
25811077miR-134 functions as a tumor suppressor in cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition by targeting KRAS in renal cell carcinoma cells.DNA Cell Biol2015 JunLiu Ydoi: 10.1089/dna.2014.2629
19888477Targeted KRAS mutation assessment on patient tumor histologic material in real time diagnostics.PLoS One2009 Nov 4Kotoula Vdoi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007746.
24263065KRAS-mutated plasma DNA as predictor of outcome from irinotecan monotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer.Br J Cancer2013 Dec 10Spindler KGdoi: 10.1038/bjc.2013.633
17707462High-degree tumor budding and podia-formation in sporadic colorectal carcinomas with K-ras gene mutations.Hum Pathol2007 NovPrall F-
26677873Macroautophagy is dispensable for growth of KRAS mutant tumors and chloroquine efficacy.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2016 Jan 5Eng CHdoi: 10.1073/pnas.1515617113
17659731Evaluation of clinical relevance of examining K-ras, p16 and p53 mutations along with allelic losses at 9p and 18q in EUS-guided fine needle aspiration samples of patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.World J Gastroenterol2007 Jul 21Salek C-
21335545Protein kinase C δ is a downstream effector of oncogenic K-ras in lung tumors.Cancer Res2011 Mar 15Symonds JMdoi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1511
21873159Oncogenic KRAS regulates miR-200c and miR-221/222 in a 3D-specific manner in colorectal cancer cells.Anticancer Res2011 JulTsunoda T-
23729268KRAS gene mutations in correlation with clinicopathological features of colorectal carcinomas in Indian patient cohort.Med Oncol2013Patil Hdoi: 10.1007/s12032-013-0617-5
26452035Deletion of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibits K-ras-induced lung carcinogenesis.Oncotarget2015 Nov 17Pan Ydoi: 10.18632/oncotarget.5558.
26267534Small Molecule Inhibition of ERK Dimerization Prevents Tumorigenesis by RAS-ERK Pathway Oncogenes.Cancer Cell2015 Aug 10Herrero Adoi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.07.001.
24598028The inflammatory cytokine TNFα cooperates with Ras in elevating metastasis and turns WT-Ras to a tumor-promoting entity in MCF-7 cells.BMC Cancer2014 Mar 6Leibovich-Rivkin Tdoi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-158.
25137394KRAS genotypic changes of circulating tumor cells during treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.PLoS One2014 Aug 19Kalikaki Adoi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104902
22441881Clinical significance of KRAS gene mutation and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in Japanese patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx.Int J Clin Oncol2013 JunFujii Sdoi: 10.1007/s10147-012-0402-z
25946211Comparison of genetic and epigenetic alterations of primary tumors and matched plasma samples in patients with colorectal cancer.PLoS One2015 May 6Danese Edoi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126417
23157826[Correlation between KRAS mutations and clinicopathologic features in colorectal carcinomas].Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi2012 SepGao Jdoi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2012.09.005.
16575407Activation of Ras/Raf protects cells from melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5-induced apoptosis.Cell Death Differ2006 NovLin L-
22589270A comprehensive survey of Ras mutations in cancer.Cancer Res2012 May 15Prior IAdoi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-2612.
24998492Adenoma and carcinoma components in colonic tumors show discordance for KRAS mutation.Hum Pathol2014 SepHershkovitz Ddoi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.05.005
21408138Rapid KRAS, EGFR, BRAF and PIK3CA mutation analysis of fine needle aspirates from non-small-cell lung cancer using allele-specific qPCR.PLoS One2011 Mar 8van Eijk Rdoi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017791.
20512148DYRK1B-dependent autocrine-to-paracrine shift of Hedgehog signaling by mutant RAS.Nat Struct Mol Biol2010 JunLauth Mdoi: 10.1038/nsmb.1833
22588152A pooled exploratory analysis of the effect of tumor size and KRAS mutations on survival benefit from adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy in node-negative non-small cell lung cancer.J Thorac Oncol2012 JunCuffe Sdoi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31824fe9e6.
20565773SMAD4--molecular gladiator of the TGF-beta signaling is trampled upon by mutational insufficiency in colorectal carcinoma of Kashmiri population: an analysis with relation to KRAS proto-oncogene.BMC Cancer2010 Jun 17Sameer ASdoi: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-300.
25133424Menin determines K-RAS proliferative outputs in endocrine cells.J Clin Invest2014 SepChamberlain CEdoi: 10.1172/JCI69004
19995707Mutations in the KRAS gene in ovarian tumors.Folia Histochem Cytobiol2009Dobrzycka Bdoi: 10.2478/v10042-009-0039-6.
25798815Expression of KRASG12V in Zebrafish Gills Induces Hyperplasia and CXCL8-Associated Inflammation.Zebrafish2015 JunShive HRdoi: 10.1089/zeb.2014.1038
19101897Mutations of RAS gene family in specimens of bladder cancer.Urol J2008 FallKarimianpour N-
22247021Effect of KRAS oncogene substitutions on protein behavior: implications for signaling and clinical outcome.J Natl Cancer Inst2012 Feb 8Ihle NTdoi: 10.1093/jnci/djr523
21055216[K-ras gene mutation in colorectal cancer and its clinicopathologic significance].Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi2010 Aug 15Yuan Y-
22222375RAS oncogenic signal upregulates EZH2 in pancreatic cancer.Biochem Biophys Res Commun2012 Jan 20Fujii Sdoi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.099
26560143Absolute Quantification of Endogenous Ras Isoform Abundance.PLoS One2015 Nov 11Mageean CJdoi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142674
21825899Heterogeneity of KRAS status may explain the subset of discordant KRAS status between primary and metastatic colorectal cancer.Dis Colon Rectum2011 SepWatanabe Tdoi: 10.1097/DCR.0b013e31821d37a3.
22706026Triepitopic antibody fusions inhibit cetuximab-resistant BRAF and KRAS mutant tumors via EGFR signal repression.J Mol Biol2012 Sep 28Spangler JBdoi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.06.014
22708448[Age-related and clinical-pathogenetic features of colorectal cancer associated with status of K-ras gene].Adv Gerontol2012Beliaeva AV-
27062566KRAS mutation associated with CD44/CD166 immunoexpression as predictors of worse outcome in metastatic colon cancer.Cancer Biomark2016 Mar 4Ribeiro KBdoi: 10.3233/CBM-160592.
26902163Variation in KRAS driver substitution distributions between tumor types is determined by both mutation and natural selection.Sci Rep2016 Feb 23Ostrow SLdoi: 10.1038/srep21927.
21332555Analysis of K-ras, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations in laterally-spreading tumors of the colorectum.J Gastroenterol Hepatol2011 MarKaji Edoi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06485.x.
24368337The proto-oncogene KRAS is targeted by miR-200c.Oncotarget2014 Jan 15Kopp F-
22427190Combined mutational analysis of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF genes in Indian patients with colorectal carcinoma.Int J Biol Markers2012 Jan-MarBagadi SBdoi: 10.5301/JBM.2012.9108.
26837759Activated KRAS Cooperates with MLL-AF4 to Promote Extramedullary Engraftment and Migration of Cord Blood CD34+ HSPC But Is Insufficient to Initiate Leukemia.Cancer Res2016 Apr 15Prieto Cdoi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-2769
25341034RAGE is essential for oncogenic KRAS-mediated hypoxic signaling in pancreatic cancer.Cell Death Dis2014 Oct 23Kang Rdoi: 10.1038/cddis.2014.445.
26684859Alterations in Tumor DNA Are Related to Short Postoperative Survival in Patients Resected for Pancreatic Carcinoma Aimed at Cure.Pancreas2016 JulAsting AGdoi: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000566.
27345584Targeting the serrated pathway of colorectal cancer with mutation in BRAF.Biochim Biophys Acta2016 AugMatos Pdoi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.06.003
27550813Suppression of MicroRNA 200 Family Expression by Oncogenic KRAS Activation Promotes Cell Survival and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in KRAS-Driven Cancer.Mol Cell Biol2016 Oct 13Zhong Xdoi: 10.1128/MCB.00079-16
26279302Lunatic Fringe is a potent tumor suppressor in Kras-initiated pancreatic cancer.Oncogene2016 May 12Zhang Sdoi: 10.1038/onc.2015.306
27041569AMPK promotes tolerance to Ras pathway inhibition by activating autophagy.Oncogene2016 Oct 6Sanduja Sdoi: 10.1038/onc.2016.70
28697193The value of 18FDG PET/CT parameters, hematological parameters and tumor markers in predicting KRAS oncogene mutation in colorectal cancer.Hell J Nucl Med2017 May-AugOner AOdoi: 10.1967/s002449910557
28188750KRAS and PIK3CA mutations in colorectal adenocarcinomas correlate with aggressive histological features and behavior.Hum Pathol2017 JulJang Sdoi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.01.010
28619714The G protein-coupled receptor GPR31 promotes membrane association of KRAS.J Cell Biol2017 Aug 7Fehrenbacher Ndoi: 10.1083/jcb.201609096
28699162Spatial distribution of EGFR and KRAS mutation frequencies correlates with histological growth patterns of lung adenocarcinomas.Int J Cancer2017 Nov 1Dietz Sdoi: 10.1002/ijc.30881
28867179RAGE maintains high levels of NFκB and oncogenic Kras activity in pancreatic cancer.Biochem Biophys Res Commun2017 Nov 4Azizan Ndoi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.147
28188683Functional KRAS mutations and a potential role for PI3K/AKT activation in Wilms tumors.Mol Oncol2017 AprPolosukhina Ddoi: 10.1002/1878-0261.12044
29175303EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and HER2 testing in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: Value of testing on samples with poor specimen adequacy and analysis of discrepancies.Exp Mol Pathol2017 DecForest Fdoi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.11.013
27382031Location of Primary Tumor and Benefit From Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies in Patients With RAS and BRAF Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Oncologist2016 AugMoretto Rdoi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0084
29246442Oncogenic RAS Signaling Promotes Tumor Immunoresistance by Stabilizing PD-L1 mRNA.Immunity2017 Dec 19Coelho MAdoi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.016
27447549Oncogenic Ras triggers hyperproliferation and impairs polarized colonic morphogenesis by autocrine ErbB3 signaling.Oncotarget2016 Aug 16Muller Ydoi: 10.18632/oncotarget.10658.
27888800Multipoint Kras oncogene mutations potentially indicate mucinous carcinoma on the entire spectrum of mucinous ovarian neoplasms.Oncotarget2016 Dec 13Lee YJdoi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13449.
27999210LY3009120, a panRAF inhibitor, has significant anti-tumor activity in BRAF and KRAS mutant preclinical models of colorectal cancer.Oncotarget2017 Feb 7Vakana Edoi: 10.18632/oncotarget.14002.
28096270Mutation-Enrichment Next-Generation Sequencing for Quantitative Detection of KRAS Mutations in Urine Cell-Free DNA from Patients with Advanced Cancers.Clin Cancer Res2017 Jul 15Fujii Tdoi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2592
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Expression in 33 cancers